







Europe's immense bearded vulture, sometimes called the "bone crusher," boasts a wingspan of nearly 10 feet, plucks meals from avalanche debris, and breeds its chicks in the subzero temperatures of the wintertime Alps. Its gastric juices register a "1" on the pH scale, nearly pure acid. Seething belly bile is a necessity for a creature that subsists mainly on weather-bleached bones.
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Bone crushers are not especially amorous birds. The vultures are even more finicky about sex than food. They don't reach breeding age until age 5 or older, late for most bird species. They don't care much for one another's company, preferring lives of extreme solitude. They wheel in search of death over aggressively defended individual territories that typically cover 200 square miles of rugged range.
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"It's amazing to see these birds swallowing the big vertebrae of a cow, almost like people eating popcorn," Frey said.
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The bearded vultures lays eggs in mid winter in nests high above the tree line and densely insulated with tufts of wool plucked from the carcasses of mountain goats. The chicks hatch in March, just as receding drifts in Alpine meadows yield an abundance of winter's victims "packed in the snow like so many raisins in a pudding," as Frey put it. "This time of death for so many species is the time of plenty for the vulture."
After spending months in remote northwest Florida swamps searching for the ivory-billed woodpecker, researchers say they have seen and heard the rare bird once believed to be extinct.
But Auburn University ornithologists, who published their findings in Canada's Avian Conservation and Ecology journal online Tuesday, failed to capture a picture of the large woodpecker, which makes a distinct double rapping sound.
That lack of evidence means doubt about the bird's return remains.